As amended by 2007 Statutes, Chapter 442, approved June 13, 2007.

NEVADA - SUBMISSION OF FALSE CLAIMS TO STATE OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT

CHAPTER 357

GENERAL PROVISIONS

NRS 357.010 Definitions. As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, the words and terms defined in NRS 357.020 and 357.030 have the meanings ascribed to them in those sections.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 824)

NRS 357.020 "Claim" defined. "Claim" means a request or demand for money, property or services made to:

1. An officer, employee or agent of this state or of a political subdivision of this state; or

2. A contractor, grantee or other recipient of money from the State or a political subdivision of this state if any part of the money, property or services requested or demanded was provided by the State or political subdivision.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 824)

NRS 357.030 "Political subdivision" defined. "Political subdivision" means a county, city, assessment district or any other local government as defined in NRS 354.474.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 824)

LIABILITY

NRS 357.040 Liability for damages and civil penalty for certain acts.

1. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 357.050, a person who, with or without specific intent to defraud, does any of the following listed acts is liable to the State or a political subdivision, whichever is affected, for three times the amount of damages sustained by the State or political subdivision because of the act of that person, for the costs of a civil action brought to recover those damages and for a civil penalty of not less than $5,000 or more than $10,000 for each act:

(a) Knowingly presents or causes to be presented a false claim for payment or approval.

(b) Knowingly makes or uses, or causes to be made or used, a false record or statement to obtain payment or approval of a false claim.

(c) Conspires to defraud by obtaining allowance or payment of a false claim.

(d) Has possession, custody or control of public property or money and knowingly delivers or causes to be delivered to the State or a political subdivision less money or property than the amount for which he receives a receipt.

(e) Is authorized to prepare or deliver a receipt for money or property to be used by the State or a political subdivision and knowingly prepares or delivers a receipt that falsely represents the money or property.

(f) Knowingly buys, or receives as security for an obligation, public property from a person who is not authorized to sell or pledge the property.

(g) Knowingly makes or uses, or causes to be made or used, a false record or statement to conceal, avoid or decrease an obligation to pay or transmit money or property to the State or a political subdivision.

(h) Is a beneficiary of an inadvertent submission of a false claim and, after discovering the falsity of the claim, fails to disclose the falsity to the State or political subdivision within a reasonable time.

2. As used in this section, a person acts "knowingly" with respect to information if he:

(a) Has knowledge of the information;

(b) Acts in deliberate ignorance of whether the information is true or false; or

(c) Acts in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the information.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 824; A 2007, 2398)

NRS 357.050 Limitation of damages and waiver of penalty for cooperation of defendant. In a civil action pursuant to this chapter, the court may give judgment for not less than twice or more than three times the amount of damages sustained, and no civil penalty, if it finds that:

1. The person against whom the judgment is entered:

(a) Furnished all information known to him concerning the act, within 30 days after becoming aware of the information, to the Attorney General; and

(b) Fully cooperated with any investigation of the act by the State or political subdivision; and

2. At the time the information was furnished, no criminal prosecution or civil or administrative proceeding had commenced with respect to the act and the person had no knowledge of the existence of any investigation with respect to the act.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 825)

NRS 357.060 Joint and several liability. Liability pursuant to this chapter is joint and several for an act done by two or more persons.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 825)

CIVIL ACTIONS

NRS 357.070 Investigation and action by Attorney General. The Attorney General shall investigate any alleged liability pursuant to this chapter and may bring a civil action pursuant to this chapter against the person liable.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 825; A 2007, 2399)

NRS 357.080 Action by private plaintiff; venue of actions.

1. Except as otherwise provided in this section and NRS 357.090 and 357.100, a private plaintiff may maintain an action pursuant to this chapter on his own account and that of the State if money, property or services provided by the State are involved, or on his own account and that of a political subdivision if money, property or services provided by the political subdivision are involved, or on his own account and that of both the State and a political subdivision if both are involved. After such an action is commenced, it may be dismissed only with leave of the court, taking into account the public purposes of this chapter and the best interests of the parties.

2. If a private plaintiff brings an action pursuant to this chapter, no other person may bring another action pursuant to this chapter based on the same facts.

3. An action may not be maintained by a private plaintiff pursuant to this chapter:

(a) Against a member of the Legislature or the Judiciary, an elected officer of the Executive Department of the State Government, or a member of the governing body of a political subdivision, if the action is based upon evidence or information known to the State or political subdivision at the time the action was brought.

(b) If the action is based upon allegations or transactions that are the subject of a civil action or an administrative proceeding for a monetary penalty to which the State or political subdivision is already a party.

4. A complaint filed pursuant to this section must be placed under seal and so remain for at least 60 days or until the Attorney General has elected whether to intervene. No service may be made upon the defendant until the complaint is unsealed.

5. On the date the private plaintiff files his complaint, he shall send a copy of the complaint to the Attorney General by mail with return receipt requested. He shall send with each copy of the complaint a written disclosure of substantially all material evidence and information he possesses.

6. An action pursuant to this chapter may be brought in any judicial district in this State in which the defendant can be found, resides, transacts business or in which any of the alleged fraudulent activities occurred.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 825, 826; A 2007, 2399)

NRS 357.090 Action based on information public employee discovered during public employment prohibited in certain circumstances. No action may be maintained pursuant to NRS 357.080 that is based upon information discovered by a present or former employee of the State or a political subdivision during his employment, unless he first in good faith exhausted internal procedures for reporting and seeking recovery of the proceeds of the fraudulent activity through official channels and the State or political subdivision failed to act on the information provided for at least 6 months.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 828)

NRS 357.100 Action based upon certain public disclosures may only be brought by Attorney General or original source of information.

1. No action may be maintained pursuant to this chapter that is based upon the public disclosure of allegations or transactions in a criminal, civil or administrative hearing, in an investigation, report, hearing or audit conducted by or at the request of a house of the Legislature, an auditor or the governing body of a political subdivision, or from the news media, unless the action is brought by the Attorney General or an original source of the information.

2. As used in this section, "original source" means a person:

(a) Who has direct and independent knowledge of the information on which the allegations were based;

(b) Who voluntarily provided the information to the State or political subdivision before bringing an action based on the information; and

(c) Whose information provided the basis or caused the making of the investigation, hearing, audit or report that led to the public disclosure.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 828)

NRS 357.110 Attorney General may elect to intervene in action by private plaintiff; motion to extend time for election; unsealing of complaint.

1. Within 60 days after receiving a complaint and disclosure, the Attorney General may intervene and proceed with the action or he may, for good cause shown, move the court to extend the time for his election whether to proceed. The motion may be supported by affidavits or other submissions in chambers.

2. If the Attorney General elects to intervene, the complaint must be unsealed. If the Attorney General elects not to intervene, the private plaintiff may proceed and the complaint must be unsealed.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 826; A 2007, 2400)

NRS 357.120 Effect of intervention of Attorney General in action by private plaintiff; motion to dismiss; settlement.

1. If the Attorney General intervenes, the private plaintiff remains a party to an action pursuant to NRS 357.080.

2. The Attorney General may move to dismiss the action for good cause. The private plaintiff must be notified of the filing of the motion and is entitled to oppose it and present evidence at the hearing.

3. Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the Attorney General may settle the action. If the Attorney General intends to settle the action, he shall notify the private plaintiff of that fact. Upon the request of the private plaintiff, the court shall determine whether settlement of the action is consistent with the public purposes of this chapter and shall not approve the settlement of the action unless it determines that such settlement is consistent with the public purposes of this chapter.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 826)

NRS 357.130 Effect of declination of Attorney General to intervene in action by private plaintiff; authority for and effect of election by Attorney General to intervene subsequently in such action.

1. If the Attorney General elects not to intervene in an action pursuant to NRS 357.080, the private plaintiff has the same rights in conducting the action as the Attorney General would have had. A copy of each pleading or other paper filed in the action, and a copy of the transcript of each deposition taken, must be mailed to the Attorney General if the Attorney General so requests and pays the cost thereof.

2. Upon timely application, the Attorney General may intervene in an action in which he has previously declined to intervene, if the interest of the State or a political subdivision in recovery of the money or property involved is not being adequately represented by the private plaintiff.

3. If the Attorney General so intervenes, the private plaintiff retains primary responsibility for conducting the action and any recovery must be apportioned as if the Attorney General had not intervened.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 826)

NRS 357.140 Response by defendant. The defendant is entitled to 30 days in which to respond after a complaint filed pursuant to NRS 357.080 is unsealed and served upon him.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 826)

NRS 357.150 Stay of discovery by private plaintiff; extension.

1. The court may stay discovery by a private plaintiff for not more than 60 days if the Attorney General shows that the proposed discovery would interfere with the investigation or prosecution of a civil or criminal matter arising out of the same facts, whether or not the Attorney General participates in the action.

2. The court may extend the stay upon a further showing that the Attorney General has pursued the civil or criminal investigation or proceeding with reasonable diligence and the proposed discovery would interfere with its continuation. Discovery may not be stayed for a total of more than 6 months over the objection of the private plaintiff, except for good cause shown by the Attorney General.

3. A showing made pursuant to this section must be made in chambers.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 828)

NRS 357.160 Court-imposed limitation upon participation of private plaintiff in action. Upon a showing by the Attorney General that unrestricted participation by a private plaintiff would interfere with or unduly delay the conduct of an action, or would be repetitious, irrelevant or solely for harassment, the court may limit his participation by, among other measures, limiting:

1. The number of witnesses he may call;

2. The length of the testimony of the witnesses; or

3. His cross-examination of witnesses.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 828)

NRS 357.170 Limitation of actions; standard of proof; effect of certain findings of guilt in criminal proceeding on action.

1. An action pursuant to this chapter may not be commenced more than 3 years after the date on which the Attorney General discovers, or reasonably should have discovered, the fraudulent activity or more than 6 years after the fraudulent activity occurred, but in no event more than 10 years after the fraudulent activity occurred. Within those limits, an action may be based upon fraudulent activity that occurred before July 1, 2007.

2. In an action pursuant to this chapter, the standard of proof is a preponderance of the evidence. A finding of guilty or guilty but mentally ill in a criminal proceeding charging false statement or fraud, whether upon a verdict of guilty or guilty but mentally ill or a plea of guilty, guilty but mentally ill or nolo contendere, estops the person found guilty or guilty but mentally ill from denying an essential element of that offense in an action pursuant to this chapter based upon the same transaction as the criminal proceeding.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 829; A 2007, 1446, 2400)

NRS 357.180 Award of expenses and attorney's fees.

1. If the Attorney General or a private plaintiff prevails in or settles an action pursuant to NRS 357.080, the private plaintiff is entitled to a reasonable amount for expenses that the court finds were necessarily incurred, including reasonable costs, attorney's fees and the fees of expert consultants and expert witnesses. Those expenses must be awarded against the defendant, and may not be allowed against the State or a political subdivision.

2. If the defendant prevails in the action, the court may award him reasonable expenses and attorney's fees against the party or parties who participated in the action if it finds that the action was clearly frivolous or vexatious or brought solely for harassment.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 828)

DISTRIBUTION OF RECOVERY

NRS 357.190 "Recovery" defined. As used in NRS 357.190 to 357.230, inclusive, "recovery" includes civil penalties and does not include any allowance of expenses or attorney's fees.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 827)

NRS 357.200 Distribution to special account in State General Fund if Attorney General initiated action. If the Attorney General initiates an action pursuant to this chapter, 33 percent of any recovery must be paid into the State General Fund to the credit of a special account, for use by the Attorney General as appropriated or authorized by the Legislature in the investigation and prosecution of false claims.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 827)

NRS 357.210 Distribution to private plaintiff in certain actions.

1. If the Attorney General intervenes at the outset in an action pursuant to NRS 357.080, the private plaintiff is entitled, except as otherwise provided in NRS 357.220, to receive not less than 15 percent or more than 33 percent of any recovery, according to the extent of his contribution to the conduct of the action.

2. If the Attorney General does not intervene in the action at the outset, the private plaintiff is entitled, except as otherwise provided in NRS 357.220, to receive not less than 25 percent or more than 50 percent of any recovery, as the court determines to be reasonable.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 827)

NRS 357.220 Distribution to private plaintiff in action based upon information obtained by public employee during public employment.

1. If the action is one described in NRS 357.090, the present or former employee of the State or political subdivision is not entitled to any minimum percentage of any recovery, but the court may award him no more than 33 percent of the recovery if the Attorney General intervenes in the action at the outset, or no more than 50 percent if the Attorney General does not intervene, according to the significance of his information, the extent of his contribution to the conduct of the action and the response to his efforts to report the false claim and gain recovery through other official channels.

2. If the private plaintiff is a present or former employee of the State or a political subdivision and benefited financially from the fraudulent activity, he is not entitled to any minimum percentage of any recovery, but the court may award him no more than 33 percent of the recovery if the Attorney General intervenes in the action at the outset, or no more than 50 percent if the Attorney General does not intervene, according to the significance of his information, the extent of his contribution to the conduct of the action, the extent of his involvement in the fraudulent activity, his attempts to avoid or resist the activity and the other circumstances of the activity.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 827)

NRS 357.230 Distribution of unapportioned portion to general fund of State or political subdivision, or both. The portion of any recovery not apportioned pursuant to NRS 357.200, 357.210 and 357.220 must be paid into the State General Fund if the money, property or services were provided only by the State, or into the general fund of the political subdivision if they were provided only by a political subdivision. If the action involved both the State and a political subdivision, the court shall apportion the remaining portion of any recovery between them according to the respective values of the money, property or services provided by each.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 827)

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

NRS 357.240 Employer prohibited from forbidding employee from making certain disclosures or acting in furtherance of action relating to false claim and from taking any retaliatory action against employee for such disclosures or actions.

1. An employer shall not adopt or enforce any rule or policy forbidding an employee to disclose information to the State, a political subdivision or a law enforcement agency or to act in furtherance of an action pursuant to this chapter, including investigation for, bringing or testifying in such an action.

2. An employer shall not discharge, demote, suspend, threaten, harass, deny promotion to or otherwise discriminate against an employee in the terms or conditions of his employment because of lawful acts done by him on his own behalf or on behalf of others in disclosing information to the State, a political subdivision or a law enforcement agency in furtherance of an action pursuant to this chapter, including investigation for, bringing or testifying in such an action.

(Added to NRS by 1999, 829)

NRS 357.250 Liability of employer for violations of NRS 357.240; entitlement of employee to remedies.

1. An employer who violates subsection 2 of NRS 357.240 is liable to the affected employee in a civil action for all relief necessary to make him whole, including, without limitation, reinstatement with the same seniority as if the discrimination had not occurred or damages in lieu of reinstatement if appropriate, twice the amount of lost compensation, interest on the lost compensation, any special damage sustained as a result of the discrimination and punitive damages if appropriate. The employer is also liable for expenses recoverable pursuant to NRS 357.180, costs and attorney's fees.

2. An employee is entitled to the remedies provided in subsection 1 only if:

(a) He voluntarily disclosed information to the State or a political subdivision or voluntarily acted in furtherance of an action pursuant to this chapter; and

(b) He was harassed, threatened with termination or demotion, or otherwise coerced by his employer into any participation in fraudulent activity.